Revista de Ciencias Empresariales y Sociales. Vol. 12, N°9, 2025 (marzo-julio)
ISSN electrónico 2618-2327 (1-16)
1
Alcance de los conceptos trabajo, capital y medio ambiente en estudios sobre mercados
de trabajo
Margarita Cantero Ramírez1
!"#$"#%&"'(")&*#+,(-.-#'-/$'!01
José Luis Saldaña Contreras2
."2/")"3+45,$!"%2'(+!1
Karla Verónica Lares Martínez3
6"#2"'2"#*.,(-.-#'-/$'!0
1
Fecha de recepción: 71/*1!"#8+1/*149471
Fecha de aceptación: 491/*1!":+1/*149471
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ARK CAICYT; <&&=.;>>%/'("%(:&'$+?'"#>"#6;>>:6</)""@?1
1
1
Resumen
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Esta obra está bajo una Licencia Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacional
11Centro Universitario del Sur de la Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
Número de ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8515-7864
2 Centro Universitario de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades de la Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
Número de ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0630-5836
3 Centro Universitario del Sur de la Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
Número de ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4285-3023
1
1
Revista de Ciencias Empresariales y Sociales. Vol. 12, N°9, 2025 (marzo-julio)
ISSN electrónico 2618-2327 (1-16)
2
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Abstract
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Key words: N+(%+2+$:1+C1U+#6E1.+(%"21.(%*)(*.E1(+)(*=&-"2%8"&%+)E12"D+#1!"#6*&'1
Revista de Ciencias Empresariales y Sociales. Vol. 12, N°9, 2025 (marzo-julio)
ISSN electrónico 2618-2327 (1-16)
3
Resumo
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Introducción
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Revista de Ciencias Empresariales y Sociales. Vol. 12, N°9, 2025 (marzo-julio)
ISSN electrónico 2618-2327 (1-16)
4
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Revista de Ciencias Empresariales y Sociales. Vol. 12, N°9, 2025 (marzo-julio)
ISSN electrónico 2618-2327 (1-16)
5
_.:(<+2+$:("21W..+(%"&%+)1c49dkeE1(+!+1*21#*.=*&+1"12"1=#+=%*/"/1%)&*2*(&-"21/*1&*#(*#+.1=+#1
!*/%+1/*1(%&"1:1#*C*#*)(%".'11
Desarrollo
Aproximación al concepto de trabajo desde la sociología del trabajo
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Revista de Ciencias Empresariales y Sociales. Vol. 12, N°9, 2025 (marzo-julio)
ISSN electrónico 2618-2327 (1-16)
6
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Revista de Ciencias Empresariales y Sociales. Vol. 12, N°9, 2025 (marzo-julio)
ISSN electrónico 2618-2327 (1-16)
7
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Revista de Ciencias Empresariales y Sociales. Vol. 12, N°9, 2025 (marzo-julio)
ISSN electrónico 2618-2327 (1-16)
8
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Revista de Ciencias Empresariales y Sociales. Vol. 12, N°9, 2025 (marzo-julio)
ISSN electrónico 2618-2327 (1-16)
9
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Revista de Ciencias Empresariales y Sociales. Vol. 12, N°9, 2025 (marzo-julio)
ISSN electrónico 2618-2327 (1-16)
10
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Revista de Ciencias Empresariales y Sociales. Vol. 12, N°9, 2025 (marzo-julio)
ISSN electrónico 2618-2327 (1-16)
11
Y".1#*=#*.*)&"(%+)*.1.+(%"2*.1&%*)*)1&#*.1/%!*).%+)*.;1de12"1%)C+#!"(%F)E14e1*21("!=+1
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Articulación de trabajo, capital y medio ambiente en estudios sobre mercados de
trabajo
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Revista de Ciencias Empresariales y Sociales. Vol. 12, N°9, 2025 (marzo-julio)
ISSN electrónico 2618-2327 (1-16)
12
W.%!%.!+E1.*1%/*)&%C%("1*)1*21&#"D"3+1/*1`+#/*#"1`"!=+.1c49dge12"1&#%"/"1(+)(*=&-"21
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Revista de Ciencias Empresariales y Sociales. Vol. 12, N°9, 2025 (marzo-julio)
ISSN electrónico 2618-2327 (1-16)
13
/*.=2"8"!%*)&+1+1=#+!-*?")12"1!%$#"(%F)1*)1Dq.H-*/"1/*1!*3+#"#1.-.1(+)/%(%+)*.1/*1?%/"1
cY*CCE149dge'11
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Conclusiones
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!*#("/+1/*1&#"D"3+1="#"1%/*)&%C%("#1:1(+!=#*)/*#12".1&#").C+#!"(%+)*.1/*12".1*.&#-(&-#".1/*12".1
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A*./*1-)"1=*#.=*(&%?"1/*12"1.+(%+2+$G"1(2B.%("E1 2"1 =#+/-((%F)1 /*1 D%*)*.1 :1 .*#?%(%+.1
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ISSN electrónico 2618-2327 (1-16)
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Revista de Ciencias Empresariales y Sociales. Vol. 12, N°9, 2025 (marzo-julio)
ISSN electrónico 2618-2327 (1-16)
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#*?%.%+)*.1/*12"12%&*#"&-#"1*0%.&*)y1J)-!*#"(%F)E1/*.(#%=(%F)1:1("2(%C%("(%F)'1X*?%.%F)1
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/C1
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Revista de Ciencias Empresariales y Sociales. Vol. 12, N°9, 2025 (marzo-julio)
ISSN electrónico 2618-2327 (1-16)
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_%j"E1 i'1 f'1 :1 `-*?".E1 {'1 c499ge'1 Y"1 &*+#G"1 /*1 2".1 #*=#*.*)&"(%+)*.1 .+(%"2*.'1 N-1 -.+1 *)1 2"1
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(%*)(%".1 .+(%"2*.1 (+)&*!=+#B)*".'1 Provincia, 23E1 dd5Ld47'1
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N?"!="E1f'1c49d4e'1_*)."#1*21/*."##+22+1/*./*1W!*#%("1Y"&%)"'1J)1T'1f"..-<1cJ/'eE1Renunciar
al bien común: Extractivismo y posdesarrollo en América Latina1 c=='1 dlL7ne'1
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